COVOL: an answer to your thermodynamic non-ideality problems?

Introduction Thermodynamic non-ideality can lead to serious problems in terms of the analysis of macromolecular behaviour in solution, particularly in molar mass and mass action measurements based on the principles of thermodynamic equilibrium. The term ‘molar mass’ (in g/mol) favoured by the physical chemist is of course equivalent to the molecular mass in daltons, and by ‘mass action’ we mean interaction phenomena, whether they be self-association or so-called heterologous associations between different molecular species. By the phrase, ‘those procedures for examining these phenomena based on thermodynamic equilibrium’ we mean osmotic pressure, static light scattering and also sedimentation equilibrium in the ultracentrifuge.